14 Things to Do After Installing Ubuntu

from: http://www.tecmint.com/things-to-do-after-installing-ubuntu-14-10/

1. Ubuntu 
2. Desktop Installation Guide

Just to make sure that everything works great, run this command to update the packages lists in your system.

$ sudo apt-get update

1. Adjust the Keyboard Layout

To adjust the keyboard layout on your system, click on the keyboard applet that you see on the above panel, and choose “Text Entry Settings”.

Keyboard Layout Chart

Click on the “+” button to add a new language.

Add Keyboard Language

Choose the language you want to add.

Select Keyboard Language

Now to adjust the keyboard’s key that will change the layout, click on the entry box under “Switch to Next Source Using” and hit they keys you want to use on your keyboard.

Adjust Keyboard Layout

2. Turn Off Online Search

When you search using the Unity dash, all the words that you search about will be sent for websites like BBC, Facebook, Amazon.. etc, which is a something that you may not like, specially for those people who care for their privacy.
To turn it off, open “System Settings” and head to “Security & Privacy”.

System Settings

Head to the “Search” tab and turn online search to off from there.

Turn Off Online Search

3. Fix System Error Messages

This is a very noisy thing in many Ubuntu releases, the “Apport” application which is responsible for error reports and crash messages is not adjusted very well, which is the reason that it shows crash messages all the time.

Remove System Error Message

To fix the problem, just remove the application (in case you don’t want to report bugs).

$ sudo apt-get remove apport

4. Install Mate Desktop

MATE desktop is a fork from the old Gnome 2 desktop environment, the latest version from it is 1.8, fortunately, MATE desktop is now available to download & install from the official repositories for Ubuntu.

Install Mate Desktop

All what you have to do is run.

$ sudo apt-get install mate-desktop-environment-core

If you want to download more applets & add-ons for MATE, run this command.

$ sudo apt-get install mate-desktop-environment-extra

5. Install XFCE Desktop

XFCE is a light desktop environment for your system, well, it’s not that light, but it is a combine from lightness and good appearance, the latest available version from XFCE in the Ubuntu repositories is 4.11 (Until the time of writing this article).

Install XFCE Desktop

To install XFCE desktop with Xubuntu settings (which are a good settings for the XFCE desktop) on Ubuntu, run.

$ sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

If you want to install some add-ons for the XFCE desktop, you may run.

$ sudo apt-get install xfce4-goodies

6. Install Graphics Card Driver

“Nouveau” is the open source graphics card driver for Nvidia cards, it’s installed by default in Ubuntu 14.10 and works very well, but it isn’t very good to run big games like those in Steam, that’s why, we need a closed-source driver to run those games, to install it.

$ sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

If your computer has Nvidia Optimus technology inside it, run this command instead of the above.

$ sudo apt-get install bumblebee

For AMD graphics card, “Radeon” is the open-source driver and it’s installed by default in Ubuntu 14.10 as well, but if you want to install the closed-source driver, you will have to run.

$ sudo apt-get install fglrx fglrx-amdcccle

After you install the drivers, you will have to restart the computer in order to start using them.

Install Graphics Driver

7. Install Flash Plugin & Java

Installing Flash plugin (11.2) is very easy in Ubuntu, just run.

$ sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer

But, if you want to install Flash plugin (alpha) you’ll have to run the following commands.

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install freshplayerplugin

Note: If you want to run the Flash plugin  on Firefox, you’ll have to download and install Google Chrome, elsewhere, the plugin won’t run on Firefox (Yes, in order to run it on Firefox, you have to install Chrome).

If you want to download Java, you will have to add the WebUpd8 repository to your apt-get repositories to able to do so, to add the repository run.

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
$ sudo apt-get update

If you want to install Java 6, 7 or 8, use the following command.

$ sudo apt-get install oracle-java6-installer  [Java 6]
$ sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer  [Java 7]
$ sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer  [Java 8]

Note: It's very important to remove older java versions.  Do it,

typing on terminal:

sudo apt-get remove oracle-javaX-installer

where 'X' is the older version that should be uninstalled.

8. Install Skype

If you don’t know what Skype is, you don’t have to continue reading this section. Skype is the 1st application for both messaging, video & audio calls. If you want to install it on your Ubuntu, you may download it from this link.

1. http://www.skype.com/en/download-skype/skype-for-computer/

Install Skype

9. Install Synaptic Package Manager

Synaptic is one of the most amazing package managers out there, in fact, it was installed by default in Ubuntu but later it was removed in the recent Ubuntu releases, but it still a good program to have for those who want to manage their system packages easily without the need to deal with the command line.

Install Synaptic Package

To install Synaptic, run.

$ sudo apt-get install synaptic

10. Install Wine, PlayOnLinux & VirtualBox

Wine is a compatibility layer to run Microsoft Windows applications on all POSIX-complient systems, which means that it will help you to run Windows applications on Ubuntu 14.10 as well. To install Wine, run.

$ sudo apt-get install wine

PlayOnLinux is an applications that’s designed to allow you to run many modern games & apps that are designed for Windows on Linux, in fact, PlayOnLinux is a front-end for Wine, so when you try to install PlayOnLinux, you’ll have to install Wine.
To install PlayOnLinux, run in the terminal.

$ sudo apt-get install playonlinux

Unlike the other applications mentioned above, VirtualBox is a virtualization program that allows you to install Windows, Mac, Linux, BSD and other systems inside your Linux system, which means that you will be able to run a system inside your current system, don’t be afraid to give it a try.

$ sudo apt-get install virtualbox

11. Install VLC Media Player

The most famous application in the world to run multimedia files, VLC can almost run any video & audio file in any format. To install VLC on Ubuntu 14.10, run.

$ sudo apt-get install vlc

Install VLC Player

12. Install Numix Theme

Numix theme is a nice theme for both GTK 2 & 3 beside a nice icon theme suite and wallpapers, it’s one of the most beautiful themes out there, if you want to install it on your Ubuntu 14.10 system, you’ll have to add the Numix project PPA first.

$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:numix/ppa
$ sudo apt-get update

Now, to install the GTK theme.

$ sudo apt-get install numix-gtk-theme

To install the icon theme.

$ sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme

To install the circled icon theme.

$ sudo apt-get install numix-icon-theme-circle

To install the Plymouth theme.

$ sudo apt-get install numix-plymouth-theme

To install the wallpapers.

$ sudo apt-get install numix-wallpaper-aurora

Install Numix Theme

13. Install Faenza Icon Theme

Faenza is the most famous icon suite under the Linux desktop, if you want to use it, you will have to download it from the below link.

Install Faenza Icon Theme

1. http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php/?content=128143

Extract the downloaded file, and re-extract the sub compressed files in order to get the icons folders, now copy the icon suite you want (Faenza, Faenza Dark..etc) and paste them to /home/$USER/.icons, replace $USER with your user name.
Now use some tools like Gnome Tweak Tool or Unity Tweak Tool to change the icon theme, to install those tools run.

$ sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
$ sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool

Gnome Tweak Tool

14. Install More Web Browsers

Firefox Is the default web browser in Ubuntu – which is a something that many don’t like – so you may download another browsers like chromium.

$ sudo apt-get install chromium-browser

Install Chromium Browser

Another most famous browser is Midori, which is a very light browser in fact.

$ sudo apt-get install midori

Few other famous browsers you may download and install it using following links.

1. Google Chrome – http://www.google.com/chrome/
2. Maxthon browser – http://www.maxthon.com/

Those were some quick tips to do after installing Ubuntu 14.10. Tell us, what is the first thing that you may do after installing any version of Ubuntu?

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Installing flash on Ubuntu

Installing this repositories

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) partner"

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main universe restricted multiverse"


sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) universe"

so, install flash:

sudo apt-get install adobe-flashplugin

Installing java on Ubuntu

Install latest Oracle Java in Ubuntu or Linux Mint via PPA

This package provides Oracle Java JDK X (which includes Java JDK, JRE and the Java browser plugin). However, you can't only install Oracle JRE - the PPA only provides the full Oracle JDKX package.
note: "X" is the last version, ok?

How to check the latest java version on linux.

 So, you can see this page

Important: Since Ubuntu 13.04 and 12.10 are no longer supported by Canonical: there will be no security updates and they don't allow uploading new packages to Launchpad PPAs!

To add our PPA and install the latest Oracle Java X in Ubuntu (supports since Ubuntu 13.10, 13.04, 12.10, 12.04 and 10.04 until the newest version) or Linux Mint, use the commands below:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-javaX-installer

Important! Change the " X " character for the latest number stable version of java!!!

See the message on terminal like that:

"Important!!! For now, you should continue to use Java 8 because Oracle Java 9 is available as an early access release (it should be released in 2016)! You should only use Oracle Java 9 if you explicitly need it, because it may contain bugs and it might not include the latest security patches! Also, some Java options were removed in JDK9, so you may encounter issues with various Java apps. More information and installation instructions (Ubuntu / Linux Mint / Debian): http://www.webupd8.org/2015/02/install-oracle-java-9-in-ubuntu-linux.html
 More info: https://launchpad.net/~webupd8team/+archive/ubuntu/java"

After the installation finishes, if you wish to see if it was successful, you can run the following command:

java -version

It should return something like this:

java version "1.8.0_72"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_72-b15)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.72-b15, mixed mode)
(This is the latest version on 2016/January)

The package installs all the Java binaries, so you can also try "javac -version" which should return "javac 1.8.0_72" (2016/January) and so on (the "_72" part of the version can be different because I'm constantly updating the PPA with the latest Oracle Java 8 version). The current JDK version in the PPA is Oracle Java 8 Update 72 (8u72), on 2016/January.

If for some reason, the Java version in use is not 1.8.0, you can try to run the following command:

sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-8-oracle

Update: the installer now requires you accept the Oracle license before the installation begins. This is only required once. If for some reason you need the installation to be automated, you can run the following command to automatically accept the Oracle license:

echo oracle-java8-installer shared/accepted-oracle-license-v1-1 select true | sudo /usr/bin/debconf-set-selections

Setting Java environment variables

To automatically set up the Java 8 environment variables, you can install the following package:

sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-set-default

If you've already installed oracle-java6-set-default or oracle-java8-set-default, they will be automatically removed when installing oracle-java7-set-default (and the environment variables will be set for Oracle Java 7 instead).

Removing Oracle Java 7

If you don't want to use Oracle Java (JDK) 7 anymore on your Ubuntu / Linux Mint computer and want to go back to OpenJDK, all you have to do is remove the Oracle JDK7 Installer and the previous Java (OpenJDK, etc.) version will be used:

sudo apt-get remove oracle-java7-installer

from: http://www.webupd8.org/2012/01/install-oracle-java-jdk-7-in-ubuntu-via.html